Oceanography, limnology, and hydrology describe the marine & freshwater domains of the watery parts of the Earth (or even hydrosphere). Major subdisciplines include hydrogeology and physical, chemical, and biological oceanography.

Atmospheric sciences cover the gaseous parts of the Earth (or even atmosphere).

Glaciology covers the icy parts of the Earth (or even cryosphere)

Notwithstanding, given a many interactions between a spheres many modern fields take an interdisciplinary approach & so don't sit comfortably in that scheme:

Interdisciplinary fields
Biogeochemistry follows the cycling of elements through the spheres mediated by biological & geological processes, & especially their distribution and fluxes between reservoirs.

Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology use the properties of sediments, ice cores, or even biological poop to infer preceding states of the ocean, atmosphere or climate.

What is more, more modern disciplines known conjointly when Earth system science approach the entire Globe as a system in its own correct, which evolves following of positive and negative feedback between constituent systems:

Meteorology describes, explains and predicts a weather based on a interaction of primarily the ocean & atmosphere.

Climatology describes and explains a climate in terms of the interaction of the litho-, hydro-, atmo-, cryo-, and bio- spheres.

Gaia theories explaaround the behaviour of the Globe models in terms of the influence of the biosphere.

Such as totally more man of science, globe man of science use a scientific method: formulate hypotheses after observation of & gathering information just about natural phenomena so end line text people hypotheses. Inside globe science, information normally plays the critical role inside touching & formulating hypotheses. A systems approach, enabled by the conjunctive apply of computer system when hypotheses tested by spherical satellite & ship-board data, is progressively bountiful man of science a ability to tell you a past and conceivable first behaviour of the Globe technique.

Partial list of the major Earth Science topics

Geology
Cataclysmic Geology Economic geology Engineering geology Environmental geology Gemology Geochemistry Geochronology Geohydrology Geomagnetics Geomicrobiology Geomorphology Geophysics Geostatistics Historical geology Mantle plumes Micropaleontology Mineralogy Mining Paleontology Palynology Pedology Petroleum geology Petrology Physical geodesy Planetary geology Plate tectonics Quaternary geology Sedimentology Seismology Stratigraphy Structural geology Tectonics Volcanology

Oceanography

Physical oceanography Chemical oceanography Biological oceanography Paleoceanography Marine Geology Marine Geophysics

Geography
Human geography Geography Paleogeography Physical Geography

Limnology
Limnology

Glaciology
Glaciology

Atmospheric Science
Atmospheric sciences

Systems or multidisciplinary

Climatology Earth system science Gaia theories Meteorology Paleoclimatology

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